托福学习笔记

托福学习笔记

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独立写作

逻辑

主要的关注点有话题与结构。

审题的要素：

  1. 是否同意观点

  2. 题目发生的条件

  3. 原因、态度、事实

    原因使用正说反说以及另外说

    态度使用寻找优缺点

    事实使用拆分举例

  4. 身份角色（是在替谁做决定、评价）

作文的字数构成：

  • 作文总字数在500字左右

  • 作文的总段落一般在4-5段

  • 开头一般 40-50（3-4句话）

  • 中间 180-220（2段）

  • （反驳段）50-70

  • 结尾 20

开头段的基本要求：

  • 引入（背景、条件、前提）
  • 点题（作文的主体的点出）
  • 观点（作者本人的观点）
  • 铺垫（概括性的指出分论点）

分论点：论点的某个侧面或者角度的拆解

分论证：针对分论点的论证或者解释论证（道理和逻辑的说明）

文章的主体部分要做到有效、有序、完整

语言

主要的关注是词汇、句式、句法。

综合写作

最重要的还是听力内容！！，要明确信号词。

综合听力的重点：

  1. 对阅读观点，分论点的陈述意见
  2. 听力自身的主张
  3. 听力分论点和分论证

在对听力重点信息的呈现要尽可能的用听力原文

作文结构：

  • 开头段：话题，阅读观点，反对关系，听力的具体反对（+听力观点）

  • 中间段：

    • 阅读分论点+相关论证（争取一句话说完，针对阅读可以做改写活着缩略），反对关系
    • 听力分论点+相关论证（拆成好几句话）

    综合写作训练法：

  1. 阅读+听力 （3+3， 完整阅读+听力的笔记（听力重点信息，发音缩写））
  2. 打开听力文本，标出所有听力重点、并做相关的简化（6）
  3. 再听一遍，简化笔记（3）
  4. 再听一遍，在白纸上，同步听记（3）

写作练习中的错误整理

more and more 后面跟比较急，或者直接使用一个比较级

side effect 副作用 这是个词组而不是一个单词

When it comes to + ing形式

into 后面记得考虑一下要不要加to

第一次考试反思

image-20230128111015977

第一次托福在1月20号左右就考完了，玩到现在才想起来做一些总结。今天是1月28日，考试结束后的两周.两周前的考试总的来说，考的还算满意，没想到自己可以考到70多分。第一次考试之前的复习过程其实很粗糙，不到两周的复习时间，期中真正有效的时间加起来估计不到20个小时，所以我个人认为提分空间是很大的。我从考试的四个方面仔细总结与展望一下吧。

阅读

在考试的过程中，阅读部分做的时侯感觉还可以，考出来结果并不好。考前模考的TPO的分数是20多，考前的内篇文章我的主观感受是要比考试的时侯稍微难一点的。无论是考前的TPO还是真实在考场中的考试，主要的困难集中在时间不够用以及长难句分析不出来。在一道题上卡的时间还是多了。多选题完全没时间做。

听力

听力笔记的作用几乎为0。考前没有系统的训练过，导致纯听听力反倒有更好的听力效果。经常在听的时侯抓不到文本的重点，题目中问的时侯经常确定对话或者讲座中讲过，但是就是很模糊讲的什么。

口语

我自认为说的依托答辩，口语说完我认为差不多上不了20了，不过还好。主要问题是对流程还是不熟悉，在测试麦克风的时侯很紧张，口语输出的时侯词汇还是欠缺，相关话题也没有语段，几乎是在当场想出来的。当然，这也就导致了口语输出的很没有体系结构。

写作

个人认为最难的部分，首先是考场感觉：怎么他们打字都这么快:sos:,综合写作的时侯，是关于什么非洲犀牛，简直是死亡三分钟，整篇听力有效信息几乎没听到，这里是最失误的地方，听力的文本都进行了分段，但我的笔记根本没有写出来三个段。最后的作文输出几乎是照着左边给的文章抄的，可以说写作体验很烂。之后就是独立写作了，独立写作是关于家庭教育问题的，题目是大致关于是否同意占用孩子的固定时间来学会一项技能，我选的不应该。理由的阐述我个人认为有一些勉强，输出例证的时侯没有考虑的很周全，导致最后整个篇幅有较大的改动。

整个写作大模块的通病是没有足够的字数，这背后反应的问题是没有足够的语法以及内容支撑整个文章。考前使用TPO的题目自己敲了一遍，有很多错词，估计在考场中会少一点点，但估计还是存在的。这就说明对写作常用的词汇还是掌握的十分不扎实。

改进措施

这次托福的摸底考，也能看出距离高分托福的区别。首先是阅读的部分，词汇没有完整的背完一本书，导致可能存在词书里的单词不认识，要尽可能的掌握同义词。同时多读长句子，学习长难句的分析方式。在考前看了那个B站的备考指南，其实没有很好的贯彻，在之后做TPO的时侯要学会总结每一段的意思，不能只是带着问题定位，然后读句子。

口语部分在下次考试之前，要做好相关话题的整套句子的完整输出，而不是当场去想（非常容易出错以及很难出彩）。

写作方面，要尽量重新学习一下语法知识，保证自己的句子输出不会出现问题。词汇方面，要逐渐做到常用词汇可以不用犹豫直接写出来。

最后再说听力是因为听力在后三个部分的作用太关键了。每个部分的听力中，基本的起承转合可以听明白了，但是在关键地方的信息转化能力没有提升，还是属于一个停留在听见了的层面。在之后的学习中，也需要练习听力笔记的学习。要学会把听到的关键信息记录下来，而不是听到什么记下来什么。

口语独立题语料

今天整理一下托福口语语料相关的内容。

万能理由：

  • Environment

    • green space/land 绿色空间
    • a breathtaking view/enjoyable surroundings 令人惊叹的景色/令人愉快的环境
    • get into the nature走进大自然
    • roam around in the shades of lush trees 漫步在郁郁葱葱的树荫下
    • be carried away by.被迷住(被冲昏头脑)
    • purify theair净化空气
    • air/light pollution[环境]大气污染，[环境]空气污染/光污染

  • Health

    • improve physical and mental health 增进身心健康

    • go to the gym to work out/exercise 健身房锻炼

    • get rid of diseases and illnesses 摆脱疾病

    • keep a good and healthy physical condition = make me healthy = keep fit 保持健康

    • stay in shape 保持身形

    • be on a diet 节食

    • follow / stick to a sugar- free / a low calorie/healthy/balanced diet 坚持无糖、低热量、健康、均衡的饮食

  • Security

    • obey laws/behave in a socially acceptable way 遵守法律/已社会接受的方式行事

    • safety always comes first 安全第一

    • It is (not) safe to do 做某事不安全

    • conform to social norms/follow social rules 遵守社会规范

    • have good manners 良好的礼仪

    • show respect to others 尊重他人

    • provide a good role model 做一个好榜样

    • shape how we think and behave 塑造我们的思考喝行为方式

  • Feeling

    • release my pressure／let off steam 减轻压力

    • refresh my mind 清醒头脑

    • feel relieved 感到释然，心情放松

    • cheer me up＝make me happy 使我高兴；使我振奋

    • escape from reality／get away from boring life／life routine 逃离现实；远离枯燥生活

    • make anxiety go away 使焦消失

    • suffer from insomnia 遭受失眠的困扰

    • resonate with me 和我产生共

    • stressed out紧张的；有压力的

    • over whelmed 难以经受的、使受打击、使应接不暇

  • Relationship

    • make friends with common grounds 结交志同道合的朋友

    • expand social circle扩大社交圈子

    • value our relationship 珍惜我们的关系

    • family bonding 家庭纽带

    • learn from others…向别人学习

    • meet people from all walks of life 结识各行各业的人

    • people from different cultures 不同文化背景的人

    • hang out/have fun with 出去玩

  • Efficiency

    • improve efficiency 提高效率
    • effective and productive 有效的和高效的
    • time-saving／consuming 节省／浪费时间的
    • save／waste tons of time 节省／浪费大量的时间
    • spend time properly／reasonably／efficiently／wisely 合理地／合理地／有效地／明智地花时间
    • make better use of time（to…）更好地利用时间来.
    • Time-management is crucial for your work and life. 时间管理能力对你的工作和生活都很重要
    • set aside time to do … 留出时间做某事

  • Cost

    • money-saving／consuming省钱／费钱
    • affordable and reasonable price 价格合理
    • budget is tight 预算紧张
    • out of my budget 超出我的预算
    • I＇m low on cash 缺钱
    • It is the most cost-effective way to do.这是做最省钱的方法。
    • money management skills 金钱管理能力

  • Quality

    • creativity and imagination 创造力和想象力

    • hands-on ability 动手能力

    • problem-solving 解决问题

    • independence and survival skills 独立生存技能

    • independent thinking 独立思考

    • interpersonal communication skills 人际沟通技巧

    • teamwork spirit 团队合作精神

    • acquire knowledge and absorb information 获取知识，吸收信息

    • enrich life experience 丰富生活经历

练习总结

7.4 练习总结

模糊的单词：

  1. competence:

    • 解释意思：能力、胜任、熟练
    • 变形与词根词缀：competent (形容词)，competency (名词)，incompetent (形容词)，incompetence (名词)

  2. sediment:

    • 解释意思：沉积物、沉淀物
    • 变形与词根词缀：sedimentary (形容词)，sedimentation (名词)，sedimented (过去分词)

  3. eroded:

    • 解释意思：侵蚀、磨损
    • 变形与词根词缀：erosion (名词)，erode (动词)，erosive (形容词)

  4. elongated:

    • 解释意思：延长、拉长
    • 变形与词根词缀：elongate (动词)，elongation (名词)，elongatedly (副词)

  5. dump:

    • 解释意思：倾倒、垃圾场
    • 变形与词根词缀：dumped (过去分词)，dumper (名词)，dumping (动词)

  6. resembling:

    • 解释意思：类似、像
    • 变形与词根词缀：resemble (动词)，resemblance (名词)，resemblant (形容词)

不会的单词：

  1. velocity:

    • 解释意思：速度、速率
    • 变形与词根词缀：velocity (名词)，velocities (复数形式)，velocimeter (名词)

  2. wane:

    • 解释意思：减少、衰退
    • 变形与词根词缀：waning (形容词)，waned (过去分词)
    • 成语：wax and wane（阴晴圆缺）

  3. gravel:

    • 解释意思：砾石、碎石
    • 变形与词根词缀：gravelly (形容词)，gravelled (过去分词)，graveling (动词)

  4. overlie:

    • 解释意思：覆盖、盖在上面
    • 变形与词根词缀：overlying (形容词)，overlain (过去分词)

  5. boulder:

    • 解释意思：巨石、卵石
    • 变形与词根词缀：bouldery (形容词)

  6. cobbles:

    • 解释意思：鹅卵石、圆石
    • 变形与词根词缀：cobble (名词)，cobbled (过去分词)

  7. tributaries:

    • 解释意思：支流、支线
    • 变形与词根词缀：tributary (名词)，tributarily (副词)，tributary (形容词)

  8. abrasion:

    • 解释意思：磨损、擦伤
    • 变形与词根词缀：abrade (动词)，abrasive (形容词)，abrasively (副词)

  9. silt:

    • 解释意思：淤泥、泥沙
    • 变形与词根词缀：silty (形容词)

  10. braided:

    • 解释意思：编织的、交织的
    • 变形与词根词缀：braid (动词)，braiding (名词)

  11. blades:

    • 解释意思：刀片、叶片
    • 变形与词根词缀：blade (名词)，bladed (形容词)

  12. camouflage:

    • 解释意思：伪装、掩饰
    • 变形与词根词缀：camouflage (名词/动词)，camouflaged (过去分词)

  13. spawn:

    • 解释意思：产卵、大量产生
    • 变形与词根词缀：spawn (动词/名词)，spawned (过去分词)

  14. clogged:

    • 解释意思：堵塞、阻塞
    • 变形与词根词缀：clog (动词/名词)，clogging (动词/形容词)

7.5 学习总结（学术讨论写作）

答题流程：

image-20230705160458802

两种答题模板：

image-20230705161318549

万能论述理由：

  1. 方便 (Convenience)

    • 单词：convenient, convenient access, easy, user-friendly

    • 万能句式：The convenience of [something] cannot be overstated. / [Something] offers a high level of convenience. / The ease of use and accessibility make [something] a convenient option.

  2. 效率 (Efficiency)

    • 单词：efficient, streamline, optimize, time-saving

    • 万能句式：The efficiency of [something] is undeniable. / [Something] greatly enhances efficiency. / By [doing something], individuals can achieve higher levels of efficiency.

  3. 经济 (Economy)

    • 单词：economical, cost-effective, budget-friendly, save money

    • 万能句式：Choosing [something] is an economical decision. / [Something] provides a cost-effective solution. / By using [something], individuals can save a significant amount of money.

  4. 耐久 (Durability)

    • 单词：durable, long-lasting, robust, withstand

    • 万能句式：The durability of [something] is unparalleled. / [Something] is designed to be long-lasting. / With its robust construction, [something] can withstand rigorous use.

  5. 安全 (Safety)

    • 单词：safe, secure, protect, minimize risk

    • 万能句式：Safety is a top priority when it comes to [something]. / [Something] ensures a secure environment. / By using [something], individuals can protect themselves and minimize potential risks.

  6. 环保 (Environmental-friendly)

    • 单词：environmentally-friendly, sustainable, eco-conscious, reduce carbon footprint

    • 万能句式：Choosing [something] is an environmentally-friendly choice. / [Something] contributes to sustainable practices. / By using [something], individuals can reduce their carbon footprint and promote environmental conservation.

  7. 交流 (Communication)

    • 单词：communication, interact, connect, exchange ideas

    • 万能句式：[Something] facilitates seamless communication. / Through [something], individuals can interact and connect with others. / [Something] provides a platform for exchanging ideas and fostering collaboration.

  8. 经验 (Experience)

    • 单词：experience, immersive, hands-on, gain knowledge

    • 万能句式：Using [something] enhances the overall user experience. / [Something] offers an immersive experience. / By engaging in [something], individuals can gain valuable knowledge and hands-on experience.

  9. 乐趣 (Enjoyment)

    • 单词：enjoyable, entertaining, fun, engaging

    • 万能句式：[Something] brings joy and enjoyment to individuals. / Engaging with [something] is highly entertaining. / [Something] provides a fun and engaging experience.

  10. 成就 (Achievement)

    • 单词：achievement, accomplish, success, reach goals

    • 万能句式：Using [something] can lead to a sense of achievement. / [Something] helps individuals accomplish their goals. / By utilizing [something], individuals can strive for success and reach new heights.

  11. 情感 (Emotion)

    • 单词：emotion, sentiment, connect on an emotional level, evoke feelings

    • 万能句式：[Something] has the power to evoke strong emotions. / [Something] allows individuals to connect on an emotional level. / The sentimental value of [something] cannot be underestimated.

  12. 健康 (Health)

    • 单词：health, well-being, physical fitness, promote wellness

    • 万能句式：[Something] contributes to overall health and well-being. / Using [something] promotes physical fitness. / By incorporating [something] into their lifestyle, individuals can enhance their wellness.

7.9 学习记录

学术性写作的练习原文：

I agree with Ally’s point of view. She said that the remote working can make people have their own schedule. In my opinion, working at home is better then working at office because they have more free time to do their own choice. For example, when I study at home instead of the school, I feel more relax and calm. I do not need to handle the complex relationship between my school mates. This kind of calm and peaces make me work in an effenict ways. Not only we can control ourseleves, but also make more spare space for us to think the job or the works. Therefore, I fiemly believe working remotely is more best choice for those people who like to control their own time.

词汇错误：

  • “then” should be “than” in the sentence: “working at home is better then working at the office.”（比较级后面记得用than）
  • “effenict” should be “efficient” in the sentence: “This kind of calm and peaces make me work in an effenict ways.”（效率单词的拼写）

语法错误：

  • The sentence “For example, when I study at home instead of the school, I feel more relax and calm” should be revised to: “For example, when I study at home instead of at school, I feel more relaxed and calm.”（在用感受相关的词的时候注意ed或者ing）
  • The sentence “Not only we can control ourseleves, but also make more spare space for us to think the job or the works” should be revised to: “Not only can we control ourselves, but it also provides more space for us to think about our jobs or tasks.”（在Not only… But also… 的结构中，注意每个分句子的主语成分）

润色建议：

  • Instead of “make people have their own schedule,” you could use “provide individuals with flexibility in managing their own time.”
  • Instead of “more free time to do their own choice,” you could say “more free time to pursue their personal interests or hobbies.”
  • The sentence “This kind of calm and peaces make me work in an effenict ways” could be rewritten as: “The tranquility and peace I experience at home help me work more efficiently.”
  • Consider rephrasing the sentence “Therefore, I fiemly believe working remotely is more best choice for those people who like to control their own time” to: “Therefore, I firmly believe that working remotely is the optimal choice for individuals who prefer to have control over their own time.”

修改后范文：

I agree with Ally’s point of view, as she argues that remote working allows people to have more control over their schedules. In my opinion, working at home is better than working at the office because it provides individuals with more freedom to pursue their own interests. For example, when I study at home instead of at school, I feel more relaxed and calm. I don’t have to deal with the complexities of relationships among my classmates. This tranquility allows me to work efficiently. Moreover, remote work not only enables us to have self-discipline but also creates additional mental space for us to focus on our jobs or tasks. Therefore, I firmly believe that working remotely is the best choice for individuals who prefer to have control over their own time.